Prime Ideas

I wanted to take a few minutes to explain for those interested exactly what a valence shell is and how its used to figure out how things will blend together when you mix up combinations of different atoms.  I’m going to try to keep this post as basic as possible to help you understand, and I’m not going to show fancy images of the way each shell moves.  The fact is, these are all just opinions anyway, as its physically impossible for us to actually see an electron to know how it spins around the nucleus.  What Scientist have done is to prove these paths as closely as they can using mathematical models that seem to work most of the time.

All atoms contain a nucleus that has Neutrons and Protons and then an outer shell that contains electrons. To help keep these things separate we say that a proton has a positive charge of 1 unit and an electron has a negative charge of 1 unit.  Compared to the relative size of the atom, the shells are a pretty long ways away from the nucleus and the electrons spin very fast.  The average atom that you might find in nature is usually going to be balanced electrically, which means that it will have the same number of protons and electrons.  However, each atom can at any time have different variants of electrons and neutrons.  The protons always stay the same as far as the number found in a certain type of atom.

The Valence shell is nothing more than the outer most shell of an atom.  The reason shells are discussed is that after many years of research and experimenting, they seem to be an observable fact.  The simplest atom is that of Hydrogen, which is something we have been trying hard on this site to capture from water.  If you look on the Periodic table you will see that it has a “1″ above it and shows up in the first column on the chart.  This tells you that it has a single electron in its valent shell and helps us determine if it will mix with other elements or if it will want to stay by itself.  Noble gases, the far right column on the chart are atoms that are full of electrons and therefore very stable.

Elements that have valence shells that are not full, are the ones used to mix up other compounds.  Before we get too far I want to describe as simply as possible what shells exist and how they fill.  We’re going to start at the closest shell to the atom and work our way outward. 

Each layer has a number that tells you which shell we’re discussing, however, each number can have multiple letters that go along with it.  Each letter can only have 2 electrons within that shell layer and it has to have an opposite spin to the other.  So if we were to say that the He (Helium) atom has the 1S layer full, then we can assume that one of the electrons has an up spin, and the other has a down spin.  We are not going to get into what all this means here, but just remember they spin opposite directions.

So here is an easy way to remember how many shells exist, and remember, each can contain multiple letters layers and that each layer can contain 2 atoms maximum.  Ready?  Because this is really hard…  Here is how many Shells layers you have 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2.  Remember that your Periodic table contains 7 rows from top to bottom (forget the two always exploded out as they are for something else that we’ll explain shortly).  So starting at the top row on your chart, you know that there is only 1 Shell for all elements on that row.  Moving to the second row, there are 2 Shell Layers.  The 3rd row there are 3 and so on.  By the time you get to the 6th row you start reversing and by the 7th and final row you are back to 2.

Next we’re going to get into the actual sub shells that make up each Shell layer.  These layers have names associated with them such as Px, Py, Pz and so on but we won’t worry with that here as its not important for this discussion.  For now we only want you to remember the number of sub layers in each shell.

To remember how many electron sets go with each layer, we’ll only count by odd numbers.  Here I’m going to give you your letters to remember.  S = 1, P = 3, D = 5, F = 7. 

Here is a list of how things fill up from the inner most layer to the outer most layer.

1S,  2S,  2P,  3S,  3P,  3D,  4S, 4P,  4D,  4F, 5S, 5P, 5D, 5F,  6S, 6P, 6D, 7S, 7P

Using these figures and looking above for how many physical shells exist in each layer, we can determine the first shell always has a maximum of 2 electrons in the shell.  Since all S shells only have 1 layer, that means ALL S layers have only 2 electrons maximum.  Looking above at our P shell we see that it has 3 sub-layers so we can multiply 3 * 2 and get 6, which means that all P shells can have a maximum of 6 electrons.  So looking here, our second shell (2) has a 2S and a 2P layers, which means it can hold a total of? You guessed it, 8 electrons (S)1*2 + (P)3 * 2 = 2 + 6 = 8. 

So for example:  I tell you that we have an Oxygen atom and I want to know how many electrons are in the valence shell.  To determine this, we first look at the Periodic table and determine that the Atomic number for Oxygen is 8.  Our next job is to take the information we learned above and figure out how many we have in the outside shell and how many more we’d need to fill the layer completely. 

Looking above, you’ll see that our first layer is a 1S layer.  Writing 2 down on our paper we now have accounted for 2 of the electrons and we have 6 more to go.  So next we write down 2S because it is the next shell layer we need to add up.  Again, All S layers can only have 2 electrons max so we’ll write down 2 more for a total of 4.

The next shell we have is the P shell, and looking above we see that P has 3 layers, each having 2 electrons in them.  This means that since we have 4 more to fill, that we’ll end up in the P shell and we’ll have 1 of the P layers left over with nothing in it. 

So remembering how many layers are in each shell, you can figure out how many electrons fit in each.  For example, we know there are 3 layers (2 electrons each) for the P shell, so multiplying 3 x 2 = 6, which means we can have a total of 6 electrons in that layer.  A 4D layer has 5 layers in the D shell and therefore has 5 x 2 = 10 electrons in that shell layer.

I’ll mention here that things have a certain way of filling up, but we won’t go into great detail as to how this works in all cases.  But to give you an example: when your P shell fills, it fills 1 electron in each shell layer, then goes back and adds a second to each layer.  When you go from a P layer and are about to start filling the D layer, the electrons will jump up and fill the next higher S shell, before finishing the D shell of the previous shell.  However, for most conversations this is not going to hurt you to not know, but if you want to learn exactly how scientists think things fill up, then you can research it a little more and learn it.

One more example:

How many electrons exist in the valence shell of the Al (Aluminum) atom?

Al Atomic Number = 13…  (1S =) 2 + (2S =) 2 + (2P =3layers * 2 electrons each =) 6 + ( 3S =) 2 + (3P = ) 1 for a total of 13 electrons.  So as you can see, we will end up with a single electron in the 3P shell.  So if I were to ask you how many more electrons that atom could have in its valent shell to fill it, your answer should be a total of 8 in that shell minus 1 = 7 electrons.  However, remember that it could also more easily loose 1 electron to eliminate the 3P shell and backup to the 3S shell as its full valence shell.

Valent shells are a very important aspect of atoms because all atoms want to have their outer most shells full which is why things mix in the first place.

I hope I haven’t lost anyone with all the math, but learning how electrons flow around an atom is actually quite simple, at least in theory…  Look for more entries to come on other aspects of Chemistry and how things mix… 

–glenn hancock

This post is not scientific at all, but rather an amazement on my part on human nature and how most people are so easily led into believing some of the dumbest claims I’ve ever read.  We’re going to go on a trip around a man named Billy Meier, where he makes some of the dumbest claims on earth, yet there are literally thousands of pages of information claiming them as fact.  Some claiming he is the most amazing person on earth, having spoken directly and numerously to multiple aliens.  Even has photos of them, both video and photographic.  Yet I believe if you read this blog entry with an open mind, even a believer would have a hard time keeping the faith.

First a little history:  The story goes that Billy started talking to aliens in his childhood.  He went through life having them as friends and being the only person that can see or speak to them.  They share secrets with him that he’s not to tell anyone.  He even has a story to explain why they will only speak to him and states that he’s had massive amounts of personal training from them throughout his life and that a normal person such as us, couldn’t understand what they were being told and therefore the aliens don’t want to risk speaking to us.

Applying Common Sense:

I’m going to provide you with a link that displays photos taken by Billie to prove these aliens exist.  Then I’m going to take you on a thought process that I used to determine these photos are fake.  You make up your own mind when we’re finished.  Here is the link: http://www.theyfly.com/newsflash/newsflash2.htm

The top of the page tells you that anyone refuting these pictures authentic claims are made by inept, illogical skeptics, of which, perhaps I am.  You make up your own mind.  He states that experts from the world over have analyzed these pictures and can see nothing wrong or fake about any of them.  I suspect however, that he’s not honestly posted any negative responses.

Lets take a look at the second picture from the top.  It shows a saucer (if you call it that) behind a car with a bush between the camera and the car. Most times, the secret to finding the clown, is a simple matter of following the light.  Lets look at this photo and the one below it, and analyze what we’re looking at.

First, the picture was obviously taken at night.  So our first question must be, what is lighting the ship from above?  The person taking the picture was standing on the ground, but seems to have had a light source that was well above the ship, which would seem rather strange.  This is a fact when you look at the ship.  The light portions that are reflecting are from about a 45 degree angle from the ground, above and to the left of the ship, shown by the darker shadows to the right side of the ship.  The light source can also be proven by looking at the car, as well as the bush that are positioned in front of and between the photographer and the ship.  They both have the same light source shinning on them which would be impossible unless a source larger than either of the other things were shinning.  A flash on a camera back in the 70’s when these shots were suppose to have been taken, or even today’s high tech flashes would not go that distance to light anything.

Now lets look at the 3rd picture down where its a closer shot of the car.  Does that not look like a matchbox car?  The wheels, the windows, they all look very fake to me.  But again, now we have a better example of light problems.  The ship doesn’t light itself because if it did, you would not have shadows.  But in this picture, the light source was coming from below the ship, again at about a 45 degree angle from the photographer, but look at that ship.  If you look close you can see holes in the round sphere’s that go around the top.  Hmm, can anyone say perl bracelet?  Look at the forth photo for an even better view of it.  I am really curious at how we have such a bright light source from above a ship that is flying.  Are those, oh wait, could this be?  A mason jar top?  With beads glued all around it?  These aliens flew all the way across the universe in this mason jar top and this was the best thing they could put together?

The people pushing this hair brained scam want you to believe this is all real and that no one could possibly make pictures and videos this detailed and they not be real… Have they ever gone to see star wars? Even back in the 70’s when the first one came out, they were more believable than this crap.

And lets talk about the video tape he has.  I’ve only seen one, as he claims he lost all the others due to theft, but have seen lots of other pictures… Can anyone explain to me why they always park in trees?  I mean, it makes for some entertaining party conversations.  I’ve already gotten huge laughs showing that video to people and asking if the aliens were having car trouble and had to part in the tree.  And it never flies off or anything, just sits in the tree the entire time.  Come on, he talks to them, why are they in the tree a half mile away? Here is the video: http://www.billymeier.com/archives/Wedding_Cake_ship.mpg

Ok, I won’t take any more time on this subject, but to date have read only a few things the aliens are telling us, such as racism is bad, we are going to go to war one day soon and so on.  If they had to come all the way across the universe to tell us what any thinking person on this planet already knows, then boy was that a wasted trip.

Side Note:  I couldn’t get away from this blog entry without at least mentioning George Green.  There are a few notes you should always remember about people.  1) If they have to tell you how rich they are, or how many cars or planes they own, then they are covering up for how dumb they really are.  2) If they tell you aliens follow them around in their space ships to make sure they don’t break a contract with them… well, I shouldn’t have to say it.  George Green is a complete idiot. If he is really rich, it just goes to prove that anyone can make it in America, especially the dishonest.  See my previous Round Magnet article for more on what Green claims…

To continue my discussion on magnetic energy flows, I chose to look at a disk shaped magnet in order to see how it flows from north to south poles.  What I found is that it works exactly the same as a flat bar magnet in that the flow appears to begin at the flat portion of the magnet and move towards the flat opposite side.  The edges of the round portion appear to just be a path of migration with no real force being emitted.  The real difference in the round and bar magnets would seem to be the fact that the round magnet is evenly distributed while the flat square magnets seem to be weakest at their corners.

The real reason that I started looking at the flows of magnets was a video that someone sent me, that a George Green had posted on magnetic motors, where he displayed a round magnet being driven in circles by a very simple arrangement of square magnets in a PVC pipe.  I suspected however, that the matter was incorrect based on his display.

His video which can be found on the forum here: http://www.primeideas.info/forum/viewtopic.php?t=57 shows a round magnet with a ball bearing glued to it.  When the PVC arrangement was positioned over the top of it, the round magnet would jump up and start spinning.  He pushed this off as a magnetic motor given to him by aliens, but there were a few things I noticed that didn’t make sense.

1) He didn’t have a device that worked like a motor with a stationary shaft and magnet mounted.  This would have been a very simple thing to build and would have impressed people much more than what he had.

2) Round magnets have even distributions of force around their edges as I’ve proved in my tests.  As a result, what type of force could possibly make one want to spin in a circle?

The truth of the matter is that you can get his little trick to work, however, you have to have it on a ball.  The reason is, that the spin comes from the wobble.  And once the magnet gets to spinning fast enough that it looses the wobble, it will begin to slow down again.  Which means it has to stay in a terminal wobble state, which also happens to be a very weak spin.  Therefore this is not an example of a magnet motor, but rather an example of an idiot trying to get someone to pay attention to him.

Just in case innocent people run across this site that might be looking into this or other Eduard Meier type crap, I plan on doing another post specifically on them.

Before I begin this entry into my blog I want to explain that what you are about to read are the results of numerous small experiments that I’ve been doing to help me understand what is going on with magnets and what attracts them towards each other and other iron objects.  This entry will not be a complete definition of magnetism, nor do I claim all of the statements will be presented perfectly and correctly on this pass.  The objective was to help myself understand the attraction and repelling forces behind magnetism and the research is still on going.  If mistakes are made I’m sure someone will point them out to me on the forum. 

Another note before we begin: despite what we’ve been told and what we might think, magnetism on a whole is still not very understood.  Yes, you could argue that we have mastered it because of all the things we do with it, but that would be like saying you’ve mastered building cars because you can drive one.  This is why I’ve taken to doing my own experiments, because I want to see for myself what is going on.  I am actively studying the subject as well, but most of what you will read here will be from my own head, not from books.

The first thing we are told about magnets is that they have a North and South Pole.  This is only a way for us to denote the fact that they are different from one another and seem to have a flow about them.  They don’t literally have labels on them, so this is merely a mechanism to help understand and relate to the strange properties of what we see.  We are told that the flow of energy moves from the North Pole to the South Pole.  I’m not sure how this decision was made because from the limited experiments I’ve done so far, I would not have been able to make this determination.  As an example:  Here is a picture of small iron pieces attracted to a north pole, south pole, and then the spot in between.  Notice in Illustration M-1 that the small pieces are sticking straight out, as well as in M-2.  You’d almost expect a reverse movement in the latter if the flow was headed in towards the magnet but we’ll leave that for another day.

Now in the next couple pictures, the magnet has been turned on its side to allow the flow to be seen as it crosses between north and south.  My goal here was to see if the iron lays down in any particular direction as the magnet is placed under it.  What it shows however, is that it didn’t matter how I positioned the magnets or in which direction.  The flow of our mysterious energy doesn’t seem to touch it.  If fact, if you look close, you will see that the two ends of image M-4 shows the energy pushing out of both ends and causing it to stand up, but in the middle there is nothing going on.  At first it appears the center is laying over in response to the flow, but after a lot of changes and movements, this is not what I see.

What appears to be happening in the above two pictures is that we’re seeing the energy radiating outwards from both flat sides of the magnet but on the narrow side, there isn’t much at all happening.  The directional pattern you see is a left over effect of when things were standing straight up in the earlier tests.  When the magnet was removed, the structure collapsed and left that orderly look about it.

So, while my tests do show that magnets radiate some type of energy from both sides of a magnet, and because they repel each other as equally as they attract, I see no way yet of determining direction.  Taking into account that two will grab hold of each other, we’d also be correct in assuming that the flow originates and enters the same magnet from opposite sides.  We just need to figure out how to determine an actual directional flow.  A note about my iron I’m testing with is also in order.  This was captured off a drill press and is not perfect and also contains a good bit of dirt.  In later tests I’ll try to get a cleaner collection as it might show different results.

Here are a few diagrams I made up to help visualize how the magnets attract and repel each other with a description below each.

What we are seeing here is assuming a direction from North to South.  We are showing the approximate flux lines you might see.  The widths are not accurate of course as this is only meant to help visualize the flow.  Notice that the ends don’t seem to radiate energy; it only passes by it on its way from side to side.  This would explain in our tests why we didn’t see any activity directly off the end of the magnet.

What we are looking at here are 2 bar magnets as they approach each other from the sides.  Note that if you have them arranged so that the North and South sides are the same as in this illustration, that the two flows in the center can’t reach the bottom of the magnets to complete their cycle because you are trying to smash them together.  As such, you are trying to physically cut off that flow and they don’t want to allow you to do this.  As such, they repel each other in order to try to keep the flow moving.  Another test for the future is to use iron fillings during this process to see if you can see what type of disturbances are being set off when you push them together.

What we are looking at here, are two bar magnets that have been flipped over so that North on one is pointed up and South on the other is pointed up.  As the magnets are pushed towards each other, the top left magnet’s northerly flow, instead of going all the way around to the bottom of itself, sees the other shorter trip to the top of the magnet on the right.  As such it grabs hold of it and begins to pull it closer.  The same thing happens on the bottom of the magnets where the flow of the right magnet sees the much shorter path of the left magnet and grabs hold of it.  Note the two outside ends paths are not altered during this mating process.

Using these few illustrations you can pretty much determine what will happen to bar magnets in any orientation you put them in.  I will continue to think of other arrangements and present my findings as I go.  I hope to try to determine what is going on with the flow of energy as I have a few ideas.  To save myself the trouble of looking too stupid, I’ll wait a little longer before I present my opinion on what we’re seeing with these things, however, this blog entry will hopefully help to keep track of things as I progress.

One last thing I’d like to mention before going, is that I tested, using a compass, how magnets affect the power of each other.  For example: are 3 magnets stuck to each other stronger than 3 magnets sitting side by side facing the same direction.  I also tested whether a sheet of stainless steel or aluminum affected the power, if placed between the compass and the magnets.  What I seem to have found so far is that the metal between the magnets and the compass didn’t cause any noticeable effect, which is what I expected due to neither being grabbed by the flow of energy.  As for the stacking of magnets and their power, it appears that it also doesn’t matter.  If you have 3 magnets side by side, they appear to be as strong as 3 stacked on top of each other, but will continue to test before making a final conclusion on the matter.

Until next time…

-glenn hancock

Its nice having your own blog, because you get the chance to voice opinions that others can only read for the most part.  Today’s topic?  The over used statements by most all of the people searching for other ways to power their homes and cars (by something other than oil), that the government’s and oil companies are killing off everyone that figures something out.  Or that they threaten, or otherwise prevent people from selling things, because they would compete with the oil companies.

A few facts might be in order here: 

1) Oil is not going to last forever.  If we don’t start looking for other ways to get around, then we’re fools.  The governments know this, the oil companies know this, and they are all out there looking for other ways to deal with the problem.

2) For devices to be declared as an answer, information must be supplied to allow others to test and determine if statements are true or not.

Stanley Myers and the Joe Cell dude are both two perfect examples of what I’m talking about here.  Stanley was supposedly killed off by the US government because he had figured out how to run a car off water. Joe, well Joe is just Joe, but those claiming to get his Cell to work, claim they are threatened and have to throw all their plans and work in the trash to save their families.  I’m sorry, but come on!  These people are just idiots!  I have found through a lot of research that 99% of the people claiming they were threatened with their lives, don’t even have anything that works.  So why on earth would you need to threaten them?  The Joe Cell crowd can not go a day without making claims of this nature, yet the Joe Cell is the single most retarded creation on earth.  The claims on that device don’t stop short of solutions for anti-gravity and speaking with God himself if you set it up correctly.  Yet every one of them claim they are scared they will be killed off.  All for a device that has never once been shown to do spit to anything other than your time and money.

Lets consider something else just as an example.  Today, and for many years, universities have been working on encryption processes that utilize properties of Quantum Physics to work.  If put into the market they would prevent anyone from tampering with or viewing data sent between two parties.  If you put this into perspective, I think this invention alone would be much more detrimental to any government than gasoline sales, yet the study and research goes on.  The government can’t kill off every person doing research on their cars and looking for a better way to power them.  Get over it!!

I’ve started setting up rules that have been proving to be very accurate for use in daily life.  Here is the one related to this topic:

If you talk to someone that say’s that he, or a friend, or even a friend of a friends sister’s step dad’s grandmother was threatened with their life if they did not quit research on other ways to power their cars, they are liars and idiots.  They give themselves way to much credit to think anyone is watching what they are doing.

To end, here is an example of why none of this matters.  Lets say that I create a new process that will let you run a car as is, off of hydrogen and produce it while going down the road.  Lets say this device costs $5.00 US dollars to purchase and you just plug it into the breather to handle the processes.  Even if the installation was extremely simple, you wouldn’t get 1% of the people in this country to purchase and install it.  The cars would still be built and sold as they are, and the few people you did get to install them, would be in a minority.  So why on earth would the government care?  They already see that things have to change and are starting to slowly get behind making that happen.  However, no one, and I repeat, no one has stepped up with a solution yet,  including Mr. Joe and Stanley Myers!

Have a good one,

-glenn hancock